Individual Elements or Name-Types (non-ecclesiastical)

[See also Society, Settlement and Environment above]
Barrow, G.W.S., 1993, ‘The Anglo-Scottish Border: Growth and Structure in the Middle Ages’, in Grenzen und Grenzregionen..Borders and Border Regions, edd. W. Haubrichs and R. Schneider (Saarbrûcken), 197-212. [210-12 for discussion of close correlation between distribution of Ingliston and mottes]
Beveridge, E., 1923, The ‘Abers’ and ‘Invers’ of Scotland (Edinburgh) [aber and inver]
Cox, R. A. V., 1997, ‘Modern Scottish Gaelic Reflexes of Two Pictish Words: *pett and *lannerc‘, Nomina 20, 47-58. [pett and lannerc]
Curtis, Liz, 2011, ‘Tarbat or Not Tarbat? Was there a Portage on the Tarbat Peninsula?’, Journal of Scottish Name Studies 5, 1–34. [Gaelic tairbeart; see also Regional Studies under Ross & Cromarty]
Gammeltoft, P., 1998, ‘Sowing the wind? Reaping the crop of bólstaðr‘, Northern Studies 33 (1998), 25-35. [bólstaðr]
MacDonald, A(idan), 1981, ‘Dùn in Scotland’, Bulletin of the Ulster Place-name Society, series 2, vol.3, 30-9. [dùn]
– 1982, ‘Ràth in Scotland’, Bulletin of the Ulster Place-name Society, series 2, vol. 4, 32-57. [rath]
– 1987, ‘Lios in Scotland’, Ainm (Journal of the Ulster Place-name Society), 2, 37-54. [lios]
McNiven, P. 2007, ‘The Gart-names of Clackmannanshire’, Journal of Scottish Name Studies 1, 61-76. [gart]
Nicolaisen, W.F.H. 1961 ‘Notes on Scottish Place-names: 17. Sike and Strand’, Scottish Studies 5, 199-201.
Nicolaisen, W.F.H. 1962 ‘Notes on Scottish Place-names: 18. Lane in Galloway’, Scottish Studies 6, 85-7.
Nicolaisen, W.F.H. 1962 ‘Notes on Scottish Place-names: 19. Further Minor Elements in Scottish River-Names [lake, latch, linn, rið etc., runner, spout, stank, stream]’, Scottish Studies 6, 210-17.
Nicolaisen, W.F.H., 1963 ‘Notes on Scottish Place-names: 20. Path’, Scottish Studies 7, 83-5.
Nicolaisen, W.F.H. 1964, ‘Scottish Place-names: 22. ‘Old Norse Þveit …’, Scottish Studies 8, …
Nicolaisen, W.F.H., 1965, ‘Slew– and sliabh‘, Scottish Studies 9, 91-106. [Slew/Slieve/sliabh]
Nicolaisen, W.F.H. 1967, ‘Scottish Place-Names: 28. Old English wíc in Scottish Place-names’, Scottish Studies 11, 75-84. [wick]
Nicolaisen, W.F.H. 1968, ‘The distribution of certain Gaelic mountain-names’, TGSI (1967-68), 113-28 (with 6 distribution maps). [beinn, cnoc, druim, maol, meall, torr]
Nicolaisen, W.F.H. 1969, ‘Scottish Place-Names 32: Gaelic tulach and barr‘, Scottish Studies 13, 159-66. [tulach and barr]
Ó Máille, T.S. 1987, ‘Place-Name Elements in –ar‘, Ainm 2, 27-36. [suffix -ar]
Ó Máille, T.S. 1990, ‘Irish Place-Names in -as, -es, -os, -us’, Ainm 4, 125-43. [suffixes —as, -es, -os, -us]
Price, L. 1963, ‘A Note on the Use of the Word baile in Place-names [in Ireland]’, Celtica 6, 119-26. [baile]
Taylor, S. 2002, ‘The Element sliabh and the Rhinns of Galloway: or Place-Names and History: a Case Study’, History Scotland vol.2 no.6 (Nov/Dec). 49-52.[sliabh]
Taylor, S. 2007, ‘Sliabh in Scottish Place-Names: its meaning and chronology’, Journal of Scottish Name Studies 1, 99-136. [sliabh]
Toner, G. 2000, ‘Settlement and settlement terms in medieval Ireland: ráth and lios’, Ainm 8 (1998-2000), 1-40.
Watson, W.J. 1907, ‘Innis in Place-Names’, The Celtic Review 3, 239-42. [innis/inch]
Whittington, G. & Soulsby, J.A. 1968, ‘A Preliminary Report on an Investigation into Pit Place-names’, Scottish Geographical Magazine 84, 117-125. [pett/pit]
Whittington, G. 1975, ‘Placenames and settlement pattern of dark-age Scotland’, PSAS 106, 99-110. [pett/pit]
Winchester, A. 1986, ‘The Distribution and Significance of ‘Bordland’ in Medieval Britain’, Agricultural History Review 34, 129-39. [bo(a)rdland]